Headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine is a holistic approach that explains headaches through different body constitutions, humoral imbalances, and lifestyle factors. It also provides valuable insight into the types of headaches in traditional medicine and their natural therapeutic approaches. Headaches can vary in intensity, duration, and location; some may last only a few hours, while others can persist for days or even weeks. The pain may affect one side of the head, such as above the eyes or temples, or spread across the entire head.
In traditional medical understanding, different types of headaches present with different qualities of pain, ranging from sudden and throbbing sensations to chronic and persistent discomfort, and may sometimes be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea. At ACPFOOD, we are committed to preserving and sharing authentic knowledge of traditional herbal medicine and natural remedies, offering a wide range of medicinal herbs and botanical ingredients used in classical healing systems worldwide.
Causes of Headaches
Headaches can have various causes, and both the location and intensity of pain may differ from one type to another. In many cases, headaches occur due to pressure and tension in the muscles of the neck and skull, which are commonly referred to as tension headaches. These types of headaches are frequent and usually affect both sides of the head. Traditional approaches often recommend lifestyle adjustments and natural headache relief in Persian medicine to help reduce such discomfort.
Other types of headaches, such as migraines and cluster headaches, have different underlying causes. In some cases, headaches may also indicate more serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. For example, severe headache pain may be a symptom of meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Headaches in elderly individuals, especially when accompanied by pain or tenderness in the scalp or temples, may be related to inflammation of the temporal artery. In addition, long-term use of strong painkillers can also lead to rebound headaches.
If a severe headache lasts more than 24 hours or is accompanied by symptoms such as visual disturbances or vomiting, medical evaluation and proper treatment are strongly recommended.
Different Types of Headaches and Their Treatment:
Tension Headache
Tension headache in headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine is often caused by stress or maintaining an improper posture, which leads to muscle cramps in the head and neck. These headaches usually last for a few hours, although in some individuals they may persist for days or even weeks. Recurrent tension headaches are common in people experiencing depression or chronic stress due to work or personal life pressures. They often become more intense in noisy, hot, or crowded environments.
Tension headaches can affect anyone, but they are more frequently observed in women over the age of 20. The symptoms typically appear around noon or early afternoon and may continue for several hours. Common signs include a constant or throbbing pain, often felt above the eyes or across the head, a feeling of pressure behind the eyes, muscle tightness in the neck, and a sense of stiffness around the head.
Individuals suffering from chronic tension headaches may also experience insomnia. Over time, this condition can lead to fatigue and feelings of low energy or depression. Pain-relieving medications may provide temporary relief; however, long-term use can sometimes contribute to rebound headaches.
If a severe headache persists for more than 24 hours, does not respond to home remedies, or is accompanied by symptoms such as vomiting or blurred vision, medical consultation is strongly recommended.
Phlegmatic Headache
Phlegmatic headache occurs when pain is mainly felt at the back of the head, often accompanied by a sense of pressure in the same area. In traditional understanding, this condition is associated with excess moisture in the body and an increase in phlegm.
Common signs of elevated phlegm include heaviness in the head, excessive salivation, mild agitation, sour belching, and a whitish appearance of stool. To help reduce phlegm dominance, it is recommended to consume foods such as bread with walnut kernels, lamb shank with black seeds (Nigella sativa L.), bananas, butter and honey, beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and dates.
For the management of this type of headache, Cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum), Persian Black Cumin seeds (Bunium persicum), Trachyspermum, and fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare)—5 grams each—are mixed with 100 grams of rock candy and finely ground. One tablespoon of this mixture should be taken three times daily, in the morning, at noon, and in the evening.
Additionally, 150 grams of Nigella sativa L. seeds can be ground and combined with 500 grams of honey. One tablespoon of this preparation should be consumed every morning and evening.
Headache Due to Excess Phlegm and Black Bile (Soda)
When both phlegm and black bile (Soda) are dominant and contribute to headache, the first step is to reduce and eliminate the excess of these humors. After that, the following measures may be applied:
Dried Sweet Violet flowers (Viola odorata, Nymphaea), dried Chamomile flower (Matricaria chamomilla), and dried Yellow Sweet Clover kernel (Melilotus officinalis) —3 grams each—should be mixed and boiled. This preparation can be taken every morning and evening after filtering and sweetening the water.
In addition, Cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum) and Mung bean (Vigna radiata) should be ground and mixed with rose water, then applied externally to the painful area of the head.
It is also recommended to include mustard (Sinapis) and beetroot in the daily diet.
Headache Due to Excess Black Bile (Soda)
If the headache is caused by the predominance of black bile (Soda), some or all of the following symptoms may appear: heaviness and pain in the forehead, constipation, dark complexion, pale or whitish urine, ringing sounds in the ears or head, tightness around the eyes, eye fatigue, insomnia, drowsiness, slow pulse, taciturn behavior, anxiety triggered by sounds or speech, impatience, lethargy, obsessive thoughts, and excessive overthinking.
If the headache is diagnosed as being related to the dominance of Soda, the black bile mal-temperament should first be corrected and reduced. In addition, consuming lamb shank stew with chickpeas, turnip soup, beetroot, or an infusion of Dodder seeds (Cuscuta epithymum) may be beneficial.
Headache From Excess Yellow Bile
If the headache is caused by the predominance of yellow bile, symptoms may include intense body heat, dry lips, bitterness in the mouth, rapid pulse, digestive disturbance, dark and concentrated urine, and burning during urination.
In such cases, excess yellow bile should first be reduced and eliminated. Afterward, the following remedies may be beneficial:
Beet juice with Coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum), orange juice, Tamarind juice (Tamarindus indica), pomegranate fruit juice, Barberry fruit juice (Berberis vulgaris), sour grape juice, Lettuce, and Coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) cooked with Lentils (Lens culinaris) may be consumed to help purify the blood, reduce body heat, and improve urine clarity.
Every day, dried Jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba, Berberis vulgaris), Black Thorn dried fruit (Prunus spinosa, Cordia myxa), Tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica), and Sweet Violet dried flowers (Viola odorata)—10 grams each—should be mixed with 3 grams of dried Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis), boiled, and filtered. A quantity of Manna of Hedysarum (Taranjebin) (Alhagi pseudalhagi) can then be dissolved into the preparation and consumed.
In addition, Prunus cerasus may be boiled and filtered, then mixed with Rubus syrup and some Sekanjebin before drinking.
Headache From Excess Yellow Bile and Blood
If both blood and yellow bile are dominant and cause headache, the predominant mal-temperament should first be reduced and corrected before beginning treatment.
For this purpose, dried Jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba) and dried Barberries fruit (Berberis vulgaris) may be mixed, boiled every morning, then filtered and sweetened before drinking. In addition, sour grape juice, vinegar, and Tamarind juice (Tamarindus indica) may also be beneficial.
Headache From Excess Blood
If the headache is caused by the predominance of blood and excessive heat, symptoms may include redness of the lips, facial flushing, rapid pulse, constipation with hard stools, and a feeling of heaviness in the head.
In such cases, the dominant humor should first be reduced and corrected. Afterward, the following remedies may be used:
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) pottage, sour grape pottage, Jujube juice (Ziziphus jujuba), and Fumitory juice (Fumaria officinalis) may be consumed to help relieve symptoms.
Every day, 14 grams of dried Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), 4 grams of dried Blue Mallow flower (Malva sylvestris), 8 grams of dried Hollyhock flower (Althaea officinalis), and 4 grams each of dried Sweet Violet flower (Viola odorata and Fumaria officinalis) should be mixed and boiled. After filtering and sweetening the preparation, it may be consumed as a drink.
In addition, 2 drops of dried Sweet Violet oil (Viola odorata) may be applied into each nostril three times daily.
Hijama (cupping therapy) or venesection, which help reduce excess blood, may also be beneficial when the headache is associated with blood predominance and excessive body heat.
Headache After Waking Up
If a headache occurs after sleeping and appears upon waking, the first step is to determine which of the four humors is dominant. After identifying the predominant humor, appropriate treatment and humoral adjustment should be carried out.
Following the correction of the humoral imbalance, burnt fig tree ash may be mixed with vinegar to form a paste and applied to the head. This process may be repeated for several consecutive nights.
Headache Caused By Fatigue
When a headache occurs as a result of fatigue and work-related pressure, the best treatment is adequate sleep and proper rest.
However, if sufficient rest is not possible and the headache develops during daily work due to intense mental or physical pressure, it is recommended to close the eyes for 10 to 15 minutes after each hour of work and remain completely calm and silent without speaking. Afterwards, gently stretch the hands from the thighs toward the knees, lightly massage the forehead, head, and ears, and practice deep breathing. Deep inhalation of fresh air may help relieve the headache and reduce tension.
In addition, when a headache occurs, wetting the index finger with water and gently massaging the area behind the ears may provide relief.
As a supportive herbal remedy, one tablespoon of dried Chamomile flower (Matricaria chamomilla) may be brewed in a glass of boiling water. After filtering and sweetening, the preparation can be consumed as a calming drink.
Headache Caused By Brain Weakness
A headache caused by brain weakness may be accompanied by symptoms such as sensory disturbances, disordered thoughts and imagination, excitement, and restlessness. This type of pain often becomes more noticeable when exposed to loud noises or strong fragrances.
To help relieve these headaches, fruit compotes and Indian sandalwood syrup (Santalum album) may be used. Smelling red apple or rose water may also have calming and supportive effects. In addition, rubbing a mixture of rose oil, rose water, and vinegar onto the head may help reduce discomfort.
For a traditional preparation, Damask Rose dried flower (Rosa × damascena), Sweet Violet dried flower (Viola odorata), Persian Borage dried flower (Echium amoenum), and Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum)—10 grams each—should be mixed with 40 grams of raw hazelnut kernels, along with 100 grams each of almond kernels, walnut kernels, and pistachio kernels. The ingredients should then be combined with 500 grams of sugar. One tablespoon of this mixture may be consumed every morning, noon, and evening after meals.
Headache Caused By Body Weakness
If the headache is associated with general body weakness, the following traditional remedies may be beneficial:
Bread consumed with plenty of dried fenugreek leaves (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) may help strengthen the body and reduce weakness-related headaches.
A mixture of powdered dried Myrtle leaves (Myrtus communis), Chickpeas flour (Cicer arietinum), egg yolk, and a small amount of honey may be applied to the scalp at night. The head should then be covered with a cloth and washed the following morning.
In addition, Basil seeds (Ocimum basilicum), Lallemantia seeds, and dried Lemon Balm leaves (Melissa officinalis) may be mixed with two glasses of rose water and two glasses of Musk Willow hydrosol (Salix aegyptiaca). This preparation may be consumed four times daily.
Headache After Taking a Shower
If a headache occurs after leaving the bath or shower, the following traditional remedies may be helpful:
Mix 5 grams of Basil seeds (Ocimum basilicum) with half a glass of rose water and half a glass of Persian Borage extract (Echium amoenum), then sweeten the preparation with honey and consume it daily.
In addition, washing the head with Chamomile decoction (Matricaria chamomilla) may also be beneficial.
Headache Caused By Heatstroke
If a severe headache occurs in hot weather or extremely warm environments due to heat exposure, the following traditional remedies may be used:
Fresh Willow leaves (Salix alba) may be crushed and mixed with cold water to form a paste, which can then be applied to the head as a poultice. At the same time, placing the feet in cold water may help reduce body heat and relieve the headache.
In addition, Basil seeds (Ocimum basilicum) and Flixweed seed (Descurainia sophia) may be mixed with Sekanjebin syrup and ice before consumption.
Headache Caused By Sunlight
If the headache is caused by excessive exposure to sunlight or sunburn, the following traditional remedies may help relieve the symptoms:
Marshmallow dried flower (Althaea officinalis) may be ground and mixed with Blond Plantain seed mucilage (Plantago ovata) before consumption.
In addition, a mixture of Damask Rose flower oil (Rosa × damascena), cucumber juice, and vinegar may be applied and gently rubbed onto the head to help cool the body and reduce the headache.
Headache Caused By Cold Weather
Walking in snow, prolonged exposure to cold weather, and consuming cold drinks, icy foods, ice, or snow may sometimes lead to severe headaches. In such cases, the following traditional remedies may be helpful:
The Dried Common Rue leaves (Ruta graveolens) may be ground and mixed with vinegar, then a small amount of the preparation may be applied into the nostrils.
A few drops of eucalyptus essence may also be added to boiling water for steam inhalation and fumigation. Afterward, the head—especially the forehead—should be covered with a shawl or woolen hat to preserve warmth.
For another traditional remedy,Coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum), raw coffee, Opium poppy tree bark (Papaver somniferum), Barley Straw (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), dried eucalyptus leaves, and dried Chamomile flower (Matricaria chamomilla)—5 grams each—may be combined with 2 grams each of black seeds (Nigella sativa), dried Lavender flower (Lavandula angustifolia), and dried Marjoram leaves (Origanum majorana). The ingredients should be boiled, and the resulting decoction may be used for fumigation three times daily.
Headache Caused By Meningitis
If the headache is caused by meningitis, headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine should not be applied as a substitute for urgent medical care; the patient must be taken to the hospital immediately for proper medical evaluation and treatment, including examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. Adequate rest and appropriate medical care are essential for recovery.
If meningitis is diagnosed late or treatment is delayed, serious complications may occur, including stiffness or paralysis of the neck.
Frontal Headache
Pain in the frontal region of the head may have three main causes: weak kidney function, catching a cold, or a cold stomach condition.
For initial relief, an amount of salt may be mixed with water to form a paste and applied to the palms of both hands and the soles of the feet. If the headache improves, Black Seed powder (Nigella sativa) may be mixed with honey and consumed, and Damask Rose flower (Rosa × damascena) soup may be taken as part of the same day’s diet.
If the headache worsens after applying salt, it should be removed and the hands and feet washed. Sour grape juice may then be applied to the forehead, and approximately two glasses of pomegranate juice may be consumed. In addition, 50 grams of dried Jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba) may be chopped and boiled in water, then filtered and eaten. A small amount of sour grape powder mixed with water may also be applied to the forehead, which may help reduce pain.
If the symptoms improve, a small amount of Coriander leaves juice (Coriandrum sativum) with a little vinegar may be used for several days, three times daily, with two drops applied into the nostrils each morning, noon, and night, along with rest.
Finally, 10 grams each of Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum) and Solanum nigrum seeds may be boiled daily, then filtered and sweetened with sugar before consumption. This preparation may be repeated every morning and night.
Temporal Headache
If pain or sharp shooting sensations are felt in the temples or sides of the head, the following traditional remedies may be helpful:
Dried bitter orange peel may be finely ground and mixed with a small amount of vinegar to form a paste, then applied to the forehead and temple areas.
In addition, a few drops of red onion juice may be placed into both nostrils.
For another traditional preparation, 2.5 grams of Saffron stigma (Crocus sativus) , 2 grams of Myrrh gum (Commiphora molmol), 5 grams each of Indian costus (Saussurea costus) and Aristolochia longa, 10 grams each of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum officinale) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), 20 grams of Anise (Pimpinella anisum), and 30 grams of Celery seeds (Apium graveolens) may be mixed and finely ground. The powder should then be blended with 250 grams of honey. One syrup spoon of this mixture may be consumed every morning, noon, and night before meals.
Headache Caused By Dry Nose
If the headache is caused by dryness of the nasal passages, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as excessive hunger, weakness of the heart, sadness, thinness, and dry skin.
As a traditional remedy, 5 grams each of Purslane seed (Portulaca oleracea), Blond psyllium (Plantago ovata), and Quince seeds (Cydonia oblonga) may be soaked in a glass of boiling water every morning and night for 1 to 2 hours. After filtering, the preparation may be sweetened with sugar and consumed.
In addition, applying 2 drops of Sweet Violet oil (Viola odorata) into each nostril every night may help relieve dryness and reduce the headache.
Headache Caused By Fever
This type of headache usually begins during periods of high fever and gradually improves once the fever subsides.
In such cases, cucumber juice may be mixed with Damask Rose flower oil (Rosa × damascena) and vinegar, then applied to the forehead to help provide a cooling effect and relieve the headache.
Headache Caused By Severe Infection
In this type of headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine, the feeling of heaviness in the head is usually more intense, and pain may also extend to the knees. Additional symptoms may include red skin rashes, severe dryness of the tongue and mouth, eye inflammation, and high fever.
In traditional practice, an enema may first be performed, followed by measures intended to reduce the dominant humor in headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine.
As supportive nutrition, a soup prepared with Mung bean (Vigna radiata), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and chicken may be consumed daily.
In addition, the roots of Castor bean (Ricinus communis) and Trachyspermum may be crushed together to form a paste and applied externally to the head.
It may also be beneficial to drink one cup at a time of Chicory hydrosol (Cichorium intybus), Willow hydrosol (Salix), Musk willow hydrosol (Salix aegyptiaca), Persian Borage flower hydrosol (Echium amoenum), or rose water. Consuming Gol-e-Ghand, a traditional fermented mixture of rose flowers and sugar prepared under sunlight, may also provide supportive benefits.
Headache Caused By Catarrh
For the treatment of headaches caused by catarrh (flu), modern medicine often uses painkillers containing aspirin, pyramin, caffeine, or related compounds such as luminal. However, their effects are usually temporary, and the pain may return after a few hours.
These medications do not address the root cause of the condition, and prolonged use may lead to dependency, allowing the pain to be repeatedly managed without resolving the underlying issue. In general, excessive use of chemical drugs may also have adverse effects on the brain and nervous system.
In contrast, herbal approaches are considered supportive when used correctly and in appropriate dosages, and may help achieve more stable results.
As an initial step, it is recommended to keep the head and ears warm by using a shawl, woolen hat, or a heated cloth placed on the forehead. This helps improve circulation and may reduce pain by supporting better blood flow through the capillaries.
For traditional treatment, herbs such as Marjoram dried leaves (Origanum majorana), Chamomile dried flower (Matricaria chamomilla), Lemon Balm dried leaves (Melissa officinalis), Maidenhair Fern dried leaves (Adiantum capillus-veneris), Water Lily dried flowers (Nymphaea), Yellow Sweet Clover kernel (Melilotus officinalis), Yellow Myrobalan fruit bark (Terminalia chebula), Chinese rhubarb (Rheum officinale), Senna dried leaves (Cassia angustifolia), Damask Rose dried flower (Rosa × damascena), Lavender dried flower (Lavandula angustifolia), Sweet Violet dried flower (Viola odorata), Opium poppy tree bark (Papaver somniferum), Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare), Chicory root and seed (Cichorium intybus), Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), Fumitory dried leaves (Fumaria officinalis), and Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) (10 grams each) may be combined, ground, and divided into 10 equal portions.
Each portion may be soaked in one and a half glasses of boiling water at night and gently boiled again in the morning. The resulting preparation can then be used for fumigation of the head and eyes. When reduced to half volume, it should be filtered, sweetened, and consumed as a drink.
Headache Caused By Vision Disorders
Headaches related to vision disorders may occur for several reasons associated with eye strain and visual imbalance.
When there is difficulty in visual focusing, the ciliary muscles of the eyes contract excessively in an effort to maintain clear vision. Although these muscles are very small, prolonged contraction may lead to headache, particularly behind the eye sockets. In some cases, the constriction of the facial muscles and the external eye muscles may also contribute to the pain.
Unequal vision between the two eyes, imbalance in the external eye muscles, prolonged exposure to bright light, sudden flashes of intense light such as welding light, and even looking at snow under strong sunlight may all trigger headaches.
In such cases, identifying and correcting the underlying visual problem is essential. Visiting an ophthalmologist and following appropriate medical guidance may help relieve the headache and prevent recurrence.
Histaminic Headache
This type of headache may occur following the injection of histamine. As a result of histamine administration, the arteries inside and outside the skull become dilated. Blood pressure may initially decrease and then rise again after a few minutes.
Following this reaction, the arteries of the head, particularly the temporal arteries, may remain in a state of dilation and strong pulsation, which can lead to headache and throbbing pain.
Headache Caused By Smell
At home, in the workplace, or in other environments, people are constantly exposed to various pleasant or unpleasant odors.
These smells may originate from plants, acids, chemicals, foods, or different objects and devices dispersed in the air. In some individuals, certain odors may trigger headaches and cause significant discomfort.
In headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine, treatment is selected according to the type of smell that has triggered the headache. For example, if the headache is caused by the aroma of warm spices, foods, or aromatic plants, it may be beneficial to smell Sweet Violet flower (Viola odorata), camphor, fresh Water Lily flower (Nymphaea), apple, or Coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum). In addition, Sweet Violet oil (Viola odorata), Water Lily oil (Nymphaea), or almond oil may be gently applied inside the nose.
If the headache is caused by unpleasant or foul odors, taking a warm shower may help. Afterward, equal amounts of rose water and vinegar may be mixed and lightly applied around the nose.
If the headache is caused by the smell of gas, oil, coal, bathroom fumes, or heater carbon dioxide, smelling pickles or vinegar and gently applying a small amount of vinegar around and inside the nose may provide relief.
Another traditional remedy is to mix ground coffee with vinegar to form a paste and apply it to the forehead while covering the area with a headband. Walking in fresh air, taking deep breaths, and drinking orange juice, lemon juice, or pomegranate juice may also help reduce the headache.
Headache Caused By Alcohol Consumption
Such headaches are typically caused by alcohol poisoning.
If this type of headache occurs, drinking Sekanjebin, lemon juice, or a decoction of dried Dill leaves (Anethum graveolens) may help induce vomiting and support the elimination of alcohol-related toxins from the stomach.
In cases of hot temperament, 2.5 grams of Scammony resin (Convolvulus scammonia) may be dissolved in half a glass of pomegranate juice, or Cotoneaster may be added to Common Plum juice (Prunus domestica) or Tamarind juice (Tamarindus indica). A small amount of rose water may also be added and consumed.
If the temperament is very hot, it may be beneficial to drink Purslane juice (Portulaca oleracea), Fumitory hydrosol (Fumaria officinalis), Salix hydrosol (Salix alba), Chicory hydrosol (Cichorium intybus), Musk Willow hydrosol (Salix aegyptiaca), or Raspberry hydrosol (Rubus). Washing the head with a mixture of vinegar, rose water, and rose oil may also provide relief, followed by rubbing lukewarm Madonna Lily oil (Lilium candidum) or Chamomile oil (Matricaria chamomilla) on the head.
In cold temperaments, it is recommended to consume Iyaraj e-Fiqra (a mixture of Damask Rose dried flower (Rosa damascena), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), and aloe vera), apple syrup, apple compote, pomegranate syrup, or Indian sandalwood syrup (Santalum album).
Headache Caused By Strike
In head injuries and accidents, when there is no fracture but there is a risk of severe pain and swelling, and the patient has high blood pressure, bloodletting may be performed to reduce pressure. This may help lower intracranial pressure and temporarily ease the pain.
Then, dried Myrtle leaves (Myrtus communis), clay mud, barley, lentils, Small Scabious dried flower (Scabiosa columbaria), Black Locust dried flower (Robinia pseudoacacia), and white Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) may be ground and mixed with rose oil, then applied to the injured area to help reduce hematoma and subcutaneous bleeding and support tissue strengthening. A mixture of rose oil and vinegar may also be beneficial when gently applied.
If the patient develops fever, redness, and severe swelling in the injured area, red Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) and Armenian soil may be finely ground and mixed with boiled Solanum nigrum water, then applied to the affected area. If swelling and pain persist, the mixture may also be prepared with vinegar and used as a poultice.
If confusion, fever, and signs of brain swelling or internal bleeding are present, Tamarix wood, pomegranate peel, Pine fruit (Pinus), Indian frankincense gum (Boswellia serrata), and rose flower may be ground together into a paste with water or rose water and applied as a poultice to the injured area.
In addition, Hyssop dried flower and leaves (Hyssopus officinalis) and Salix leaves may be ground and mixed with barley flour and rose oil, then applied as a poultice to the affected area.
Continuous inhalation of rose water, Sweet Violet flower (Viola odorata), or apple aroma may also be beneficial in supporting recovery in this condition.
Headache Caused By Liver Disease and Yellow Bile
If the headache is localized on the right side of the head, it may be associated with liver and bile disorders, such as gallstones, gallbladder inflammation or infection, jaundice, and other liver-related conditions.
As a supportive approach, bread soaked in diluted vinegar may be consumed. In addition, pomegranate paste, pomegranate juice, plum juice, sour grape juice, Chicory hydrosol (Cichorium intybus), and drinking cold water may also be beneficial.
A traditional herbal formulation includes Chicory root (Cichorium intybus), Chinese rhubarb root (Rheum officinale), Chicory seed (Cichorium intybus), Citron flower (Citrus medica), Tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica), dried Figs (Ficus carica), dried Peppermint (Mentha piperita), dried Dill leaves (Anethum graveolens), dried Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis), Cuscuta chinensis seed, Celery seed (Apium graveolens), Anise (Pimpinella anisum), Asarabacca root (Asarum europaeum), Valerian Root (Valeriana officinalis), and Caltrops (Tribulus terrestris) (20 grams each). These are mixed, divided into 20 equal portions, and each portion is soaked in one and a half glasses of boiling water overnight. The mixture is then gently boiled in the morning until reduced by half, after which it is filtered, sweetened, and consumed.
Headache Caused By Spleen Disease
If the headache is caused by disorders of the spleen, pain is typically felt on the left side of the head. This may also be accompanied by weakness and discomfort or pain in the left side of the abdomen, below the lower ribs.
As a simple supportive remedy, consuming bread with vinegar or cucumber may be beneficial. In addition, addressing the underlying spleen condition is essential for complete relief of the headache.
Muscular Headache
A muscular headache is often associated with muscle spasm and can feel similar to pain caused by internal cranial injury.
In most cases, it is triggered by emotional and physical factors such as anxiety, worry, anger, fatigue, or prolonged driving. These conditions can lead to sustained contraction of the head and neck muscles, and this continuous tension may result in headache pain.
Headache Caused By Eating Inappropriate Food
Sometimes headaches may occur after consuming fatty, heavy, or slow-digesting foods. This type of pain is often concentrated around the eye sockets and may be accompanied by dizziness, vertigo, or mental confusion.
For traditional treatment, Commiphora mukul gum, Turpeth root (Operculina turpethum) and Colocynth root (Citrullus colocynthis) (3 grams each), along with 5 grams of Common Dodder (Cuscuta epithymum) and 10 grams of Iyaraj e-Fiqra (a mixture of Damask Rose buds (Rosa damascena), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), and aloe vera), may be mixed and finely ground. The powder can then be combined with a small amount of rose water to form a stiff paste and shaped into pills the size of a pea. Two to three pills may be taken every morning, noon, and night.
In addition, applying bitter almond oil inside the nose, inhaling Fennel seed incense (Foeniculum vulgare), or inhaling the steam of boiled water mixed with Celery (Apium graveolens) and Chamomile dried flower (Matricaria chamomilla) may also help relieve the headache.
Headache Caused By Stomach Disease
If the headache is related to a stomach disorder, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as vomiting, bitterness in the mouth, bitter vomit, yellowing of the eyes, thirst, and heartburn. In some cases, the headache may lessen after vomiting.
As a traditional remedy, Sekanjebin may be dissolved in very hot water and consumed to help empty the stomach contents, followed by the use of anti-bilious remedies. At the same time, strengthening the stomach and relieving gastric discomfort may help reduce this type of headache.
Another traditional preparation consists of 10 grams of Damask Rose flower (Rosa × damascena), 5 grams of Indian Saccharum ravennae, and 5 grams of Gel-e-Armani (Bentonite). These ingredients should be finely ground and mixed with sour grape juice syrup. One tablespoon may be taken after each meal.
Headache Caused By Indigestion
If the headache is caused by indigestion, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as dryness of the lips, mouth, and tongue, along with intense thirst.
As a traditional remedy, 10 grams each of Sweet Violet flower (Viola odorata), dried Blue Mallow flower (Malva sylvestris), dried Jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba), and Caltrops (Tribulus terrestris) may be boiled together. After filtering the liquid, 20 grams of Manna of Hedysarum (Alhagi pseudalhagi) may be dissolved in the decoction and consumed. About half an hour later, one cup of Willow bark hydrosol (Salix) may also be taken.
In addition, 5 grams of Alyssum seed (Alyssum homolocarpum) may be mixed with cold water and consumed. Twenty-four hours later, 5 grams of Senna leaves (Cassia angustifolia) may be brewed together with two crushed dried Key lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia), and the strained liquid may be consumed.
As supportive foods, rice cooked with Coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum), yogurt with sugar, fat-free lamb shank, cow’s milk, and Damask Rose buds (Rosa × damascena) preparations may be beneficial.
Headache Caused By Constipation
In many people who suffer from constipation, especially when bowel movements are infrequent or the stool is excessively dry, chronic headaches may occur. According to traditional belief, this happens because food remains in the digestive system for a prolonged period, allowing harmful substances to accumulate and place additional burden on the liver.
It is also believed that constipation may affect healthy blood circulation, including circulation to the head, which can contribute to headache symptoms.
In such cases, relieving constipation and improving digestive function may help reduce the headache. Once the constipation is properly treated, the headache symptoms may gradually improve as well.
Headache Caused By High Blood Pressure
Many people with high blood pressure may experience headaches, especially when blood pressure rises suddenly. In individuals with labile hypertension, headaches may not occur when blood pressure is stable or low, but they can begin once the pressure increases.
This type of headache may be associated with tension, constriction, or damage to small blood vessels, as well as increased pressure within the cranial space. In severe cases, extremely high blood pressure may increase the risk of rupture in larger blood vessels, which can lead to serious complications such as partial or complete paralysis. Therefore, proper management and reduction of blood pressure are essential for relieving this type of headache.
Headache Caused By Rheumatism
If the headache is related to rheumatism, a traditional remedy is to boil and soften the thick leaves of Wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea), then apply them warm to the head. Afterward, the head should be covered with a woolen hat or cloth to maintain warmth.
Neural Headache
In this type of headache, several traditional herbal remedies may be used to help relieve discomfort.
One remedy is to brew 15 grams of dried Wild Thyme leaves (Thymus serpyllum) in one liter of boiling water. After straining the decoction, it may be sweetened with honey and consumed as one cup in the morning, before noon, in the evening, and at night.
Another traditional preparation involves brewing one tablespoon of dried Chamomile flower (Matricaria chamomilla) in 100 grams of boiling water for approximately one hour, twice daily. After filtering, the infusion may be sweetened with honey and consumed.
During the course of treatment, a poultice made from grated onion may also be applied to the forehead, or lemon slices may be used as a compress to help reduce the headache.
Migraine Headache
For migraine headaches, a traditional herbal preparation may be made using dried Lavender flower (Lavandula angustifolia), dried Marjoram leaves (Origanum majorana), dried Chamomile flower (Matricaria chamomilla), Lemon Balm dried leaves (Melissa officinalis), dried Maidenhair Fern leaves (Adiantum capillus-veneris), dried Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis), Yellow Sweet Clover kernel (Melilotus officinalis), Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), Chicory root (Cichorium intybus), Chicory seed (Cichorium intybus), Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), Water Lily dried flower (Nymphaea alba), Damask Rose flower (Rosa × damascena), Chinese Rhubarb (Rheum officinale), Yellow Myrobalan peel (Terminalia chebula), Alexandrian senna (Cassia angustifolia), dried Felty Germander (Teucrium polium), Ajwain seed (Trachyspermum ammi), Anise (Pimpinella anisum), and black seeds (Nigella sativa), using 20 grams of each ingredient.
All ingredients should be mixed and finely ground, then divided into 20 equal portions. Each portion may be soaked overnight in one and a half glasses of boiling water and gently boiled again the following morning. During boiling, the steam may be inhaled to expose the head to the herbal vapors. Once the liquid is reduced by half, it should be filtered, sweetened, and consumed before breakfast. This traditional preparation is considered a form of herbal treatment for migraine headaches in traditional Iranian medicine.
Another traditional recommendation is to apply grated onion to the forehead and crown of the head each night before sleep. It is also believed that the stimulation of the eyes caused by peeling onions may provide additional relief.
Among fruits, apple juice is traditionally recommended. Massaging the shoulders and neck three times daily may also help relieve tension. In addition, placing a towel cooled with cold water behind the neck while keeping the feet in warm water may help reduce migraine discomfort.
Headache Caused By Menstrual Disorders and PMS
Women who experience menstrual irregularities or premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may also suffer from this type of headache. In traditional Iranian medicine, headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine often focuses on balancing the body and relieving menstrual discomfort through natural remedies and lifestyle support.
As a traditional remedy, Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare), dried Chamomile flower (Matricaria chamomilla), and Commiphora opobalsamum leaves may be boiled together three times daily. The decoction should then be filtered, sweetened if desired, and consumed to help reduce the pain and discomfort associated with these headaches.
Headache Caused By Sexual Activities
People who are physically weak, lack sufficient stamina during sexual activity, or engage in excessive sexual activity may experience this type of headache. Individuals suffering from such headaches are traditionally advised to take warm showers regularly to help relax the body.
It is also recommended to drink warm cow’s milk three times a day, consume soft-boiled eggs with bread and onion, and include fish, fruit juices, and apple compote in the diet. In addition, temporary abstinence from sexual activity may help the body recover and reduce headache symptoms.
Headache Caused By Insufficient Blood Flow to the Brain
If a headache is caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain due to weakness or poor circulation, several traditional dietary and lifestyle recommendations may be beneficial within the framework of headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine.
Consuming foods such as ripe yellow grapes, strawberries, raw hazelnuts, roasted corn, bread with cheese, oranges, mashed bananas mixed with cream and honey, Oregano infusion (Origanum vulgare), Valerian root tea (Valeriana officinalis), Apium graveolens, Celery (Cirsium vulgare), and Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) has traditionally been recommended to help strengthen the body and support circulation.
In such cases, it is also advised to lie down every three hours in a calm and quiet place without using a pillow under the head. The individual should try to rest or sleep, and if sleep is not possible, keeping the eyes closed and relaxing quietly may still be helpful. Repeating this practice for several consecutive days is traditionally believed to improve the condition.
Another traditional remedy is to mix equal amounts of dried Lemon Balm leaves (Melissa officinalis) and Lallemantia royleana seeds with Musk Willow hydrosol (Salix aegyptiaca), Rose water, and a small amount of sugar or honey. This preparation may be consumed every morning and evening.
Old and Chronic Headache
In cases of chronic headache, it is generally recommended to avoid smoking, alcohol, dust, smoke, and noisy environments, as these factors may aggravate symptoms and increase discomfort.
As part of traditional management within headache treatment in traditional Iranian medicine, a daily herbal formulation may be prepared using dried Damask Rose flower (Rosa × damascena), wild ginger (Asarum europaeum), Mastic, Valerian root (Valeriana officinalis), Commiphora opobalsamum seeds, and Commiphora opobalsamum wood (10 grams each), along with Aloe vera (5 grams). All ingredients should be mixed and finely ground into a smooth powder. A small amount of honey may then be added to form a firm paste, and the mixture can be shaped into pea-sized pills. These pills are traditionally stored in a refrigerator and taken three times daily (morning, noon, and night).
At night, Myrrh gum (Commiphora myrrha) may be dissolved in a small amount of Rose water and applied to the head before sleep.
Conclusion
Headaches can arise from a wide variety of internal and external factors, and traditional Iranian medicine approaches them by focusing on identifying the underlying imbalance rather than only relieving the pain. Through dietary regulation, herbal remedies, lifestyle adjustments, and attention to body temperament, it aims to restore overall balance and reduce recurrence. Understanding the different causes of headaches can help guide more targeted and effective care, especially when natural methods are applied consistently and appropriately.
Resources:
1- Daeratol Maarif Giah Darmanie Iran (Noskhehaye Shafabakhsh), by Haji Sharifi, Ahmad (Attare Esfahani)