Synonyms: Heracleum carmeli hort., Heracleum tromsoensis
English Name: Persian Hogweed
Other Names in English: Angelica Seed
Family: Apiaceae
Persian Name: گلپر/ Golpar
German Name: Persische Bärenklau
French Name: Berce de Perse
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About Heracleum persicum
The plant is 2 to 2.5 meters tall, has a thick root and contains a milky sap with a strong odor, its stem is thick and cylindrical and its flowers are white and fragrant. Ripe seeds of Heracleum persicum are oval, wide, thin, pale yellow-brown and very fragrant. The gum of the root of this plant has a very pleasant aroma. This plant was first discovered in 1687 in Larestan, Iran.
Heracleum persicum has 2 species; one species is fragrant and the other one has bad smell. The bad smell is cultivated in Iran.
Chemical Constituents
Chemical constituents of lovage oil are mainly phthalides and terpenoids, including n-butylidene phthalide, n-butyl-phthalide, sedanonic anhydride, D-terpineol, carvacrol, eugenol and volatile oil.
The principal components of volatile oil are angelic acid and β-terpenol, coumarins, furocoumarins including psoralins, rotoside, sitosterols, resins, pinene, phellandrene, terpinine, carvacol, terpineol, isovaleric acid, umbelliferone and bergapten. Fresh leaves contain a maximum 0.5% essential oil;
The most important aroma components are phthalides (ligustilide, butylphthalide and a partially hydrogenated derivative thereof called sedanolide). Terpenoids (terpineol, carvacrol) and eugenol are less important.
The phenolic acids in various plant parts are as follows: roots 0.12–0.16%, herb 0.88–1.03%, stems 0.30–0.39%, leaf 1.11–1.23% and fruits 1.32–1.41%. The quantity of tannins in various plant parts was: roots 6.6%, herb 5.3%, stems 7.4%, leaf 2.7%, and fruits 1.8%. Free phenolic acids such as chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric and m-coumaric were detected using HPLC.
Temperament: Hot and dry
Health Benefits
Harms: This plant is harmful to the bladder and intestines, its modifier for the bladder is melon seeds and for intestines is Gum Arabic.
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