Bitter Apple, Colocynth

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About Citrullus Colocynthis

Bitter Apple is the fruit of a perennial plant that spreads on the ground in the form of a low and creeping bush. The stems of this plant are relatively thick and fluffy and can wrap around objects. The cross section of the stems of this plant is usually polygonal and sometimes circular.

The leaves of this plant have cuts and curves that divide the leaves into smaller parts. The overall shape of the leaves is almost triangular and elongated. These leaves are hairy and grow alternately. The flowers are yellow, small, and slightly fluffy, and each flower has five oval petals.

The fruit of this plant is spherical in shape and the size of an orange. The thin and smooth skin of this fruit is dark green at first, and pale spots and stripes can be seen on it. But after fully ripening, it turns yellow or orange. The appearance of Bitter Apple is similar to watermelon. But it is much smaller. The flesh of the fruit is greenish-white at first and has a very bitter taste. But after it is fully ripe, it dries up. Inside the fruit there are many brown, shiny, point-shaped and pointed seeds that are almost similar to apple seeds.

About Cucumis melo subsp. Melo or Cantaloupe

Another species of this plant, which is called Cantaloupe in English, is a plant from the Cucurbitaceae family, its scientific name is Cucumis melo subsp. Melo and its synonym Cucumis trigonus Roxb.

Cantaloupe is a perennial plant; all its parts are covered with tuberous hair. Its circular leaves have 3-5 claws. Its male flowers are 2-3, large, single, and its ovary is covered with wool-like threads. Its fruit is like a small, fluffy, slightly long, egg-shaped plum with lines along the length of the fruit. This plant grows in Iran.

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Citrullus Colocynthis Chemical Constituents

The fruit contains a number of bitter principles generally known as Cucurbitacins consisting of α-Elaterin (Cucurbitacin E), Elatericin B (Cucurbitacin I), Dihydro-Elatericin B (Cucurbitacin L), Citrulline, Citrullene, Citrullic acid and Citrullol.

Also present are sugars (glucose), pectin, hydrocarbons such as hentriacontane, a volatile oil consisting of citronellal, methyl eugenol and methyl heptenone, choline, alkaloids, lanosterol and bsitosterol. Seeds yield a bitter oil consisting of linoleic (60%), oleic (20%) and palmitic (10%) acids and a triterpene, citrullonol.

The flesh extract or Bitter Apple juice is a powerful antibiotic against some microbes, including Salmonella Enterica Typhi, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and finally Salmonella schottmuelleri (the cause of paratyphoid fever). And it is very effective to fight against Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica.

Explanation:

– Salmonella Enterica Typhi is the cause of typhoid disease.

– Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the cause of diphtheria in humans, which is also called Diphtheria bacillus and Klebs-Löffler bacillus.

– Escherichia coli is a colonic bacillus. As long as it is in the bed of the colon, it is not pathogenic, but outside the body or in the urinary tract, it may cause infection. The presence of this bacillus in milk or water is the reason to show for contamination of milk or water with waste.

– Salmonella schottmuelleri and Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica causes paratyphoid fever.

Bitter Apple Temperament

Fourth degree of hot and second degree of dry

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Wild Melon Health Benefits

Bitter Apple is very bitter and glazed. Its fruit is used as medicine in traditional Iranian medicine, which is picked and dried in late summer. According to the experience of the sages of traditional medicine. The medicinal power of its fruit flesh remains up to 4 years if it is kept unpeeled, and if it is peeled and the flesh inside is dried and stored, it can be kept up to 2 years. According to the sages, its fruit is very hot and dry, and it is a very strong phlegm laxative, and it absorbs phlegm humors from the depths of the body and expels them.

The recommendation of traditional doctors is that, while Wild Melon fruit is a strong laxative, it is also very abrasive, so it should be avoided to get as a laxative, except in exceptional cases where they must evacuate the stomach and intestines. For example, it may be prescribed and consumed under the supervision of a doctor only in the case of some severe dropsy.

1. Pour one or two grams of dried Bitter Cucumber flesh in empty capsules every day and eat it. It is a diuretic and a very strong laxative for phlegm and absorbs phlegm humors from the depths of the body and causes their expulsion, so it is used for hard polydipsia. Bitter Apple is useful for cold diseases such as headache, migraine, paralysis, Parkinson, epilepsy and forgetfulness, it is a powerful antibiotic against some microbe, it is useful for diseases of the stomach and intestines, liver, kidneys, bladder, uterus and joint pain, it is an emmenagogue.
2. Drinking two grams of dried Bitter Cucumber decoction or (pulverize it softly and fill it in empty capsules and eat it) kills parasites and if you wash and enema the intestine with its decoction, it will destroy small anal worms. And for infants with parasites, you can poultice Colocynth decoction on their navel.
3. Cook dried Bitter Apple flesh in water and honey and eat it. It is concentrated chyme laxative.
4. Mix 7 grams of dried Bitter Cucumber flesh with triple amount of Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and boil it and drink its decoction. It is effective in treating melancholia, lamellar ichthyosis (a type of body hair loss) and leprosy.
5. Pierce the intact fruit and remove the seeds inside it, but the flesh should remains, then fill it with Water Lily oil and close the lid with a piece of Colocynth peel and knead the dough around it. And cook in the oven to boil a few times and eat a little of that oil every day and rub it on your head at night. It darkens the hair and prevents the hair from turning white.
6. Boil its juice or flesh in vinegar, then taste that vinegar in your mouth. Relieves toothache and strengthens the gums.
7. If you poultice its fresh juice or its dried decoction on the gum of the tooth, tooth extraction will be easier.
8. Drop dried Bitter Cucumber decoction in the ear. It will kill the worm inside the ear and disinfects the ear.
9. Chop Bitter Cucumber with its peel and boil it in water, then strain it and enema with its decoction. Dried Colocynth is useful for treating paralysis, sciatica, gluteal muscles pain and back and lower back pain.
10. Dried Bitter Cucumber suppository in the anus is strong laxative and placing it in the vagina aborts the fetus.

Eating Bitter Apple cures cold head diseases, headache, temples pain, paralysis, facial nerve paralysis, epilepsy, forgetfulness, chronic watery eye, polydipsia, leprosy, lamellar ichthyosis, elephantiasis, hemorrhoids, and black bile diseases. Colocynth in cold and phlegmatic temperaments causes proper blood flow.

Its fruit flesh extract or its juice is useful for typhoid and diphtheria. Eating Citrullus colocynthis fruit several times and applying it poultice on the soles of the feet cures leprosy. Eating its fruit which is cooked in water and honey is a laxative for thick chymus.

Sinus rinsing with fresh Bitter Apple juice is useful for yellow eyes. Boil this fruit in Olive oil and drop it in the nose, it opens cerebral artery stenosis and its drop in the ear relieves earache.

Pour vinegar in the middle of the empty Colocynth and boil it. Keeping that vinegar in the mouth strengthens the gums and relieves toothache.

Colocynth suppository is very strong laxative. Wild Melon boiled juice suppository is useful for paralysis, phlegmatic colic, sciatica, and cold pains.

Rubbing its powder on the tooth and gums makes tooth extraction easier. Eating 5 grams of dried leaves of Colocynth with starch and Gum Arabic helps to cure black bile diarrhea. Bitter Apple leaf poultice with water and starch improves bleeding and swelling.

Drinking a decoction of Colocynth root dissolves frozen blood and is useful for polydipsia, elephantiasis, and scorpion stings. Boiling its root in vinegar and keeping that vinegar in the mouth relieves toothache.

Desert Gourd oil cures cold pains. Drinking 2 grams of this oil causes phlegm and various types of stomach and intestinal worm expulsion. Dripping this oil in the ears is useful for tinnitus and killing earworms.

This fruit has special effects on the large intestine and uterus, so it is considered as a regular medicine.

To prepare its oil, mix two parts of Colocynth juice with one part of Sesame oil or one part of Olive oil and boil it with a gentle fire until the water evaporates and the oil remains but does not burn.

If its fruit is eaten alone or with other suitable herbs in the permitted dosage and according to the doctor’s recommendation, it can be used for diseases and ailments of the stomach, intestines, liver, kidney, bladder, uterus, joint pain, ascites, leprosy and preventing hair loss.

Enema with unpeeled Bitter Apple decoction is beneficial for paralysis, sciatica, pelvic, back, and lower back pain.

One of the sages of traditional medicine narrates that a person who was bitten by a snake in two or three parts of his body immediately ate 8 grams of cooked Colocynth root and regained his health.

Its leaf poultice, which is prepared with water and starch, is useful for stopping bleeding and dissolving swellings, and sprinkling its decoction in houses is useful to repel insects and kill fleas and prevent their reproduction and multiplication.

If Colocynth fruit is pierced, its seeds are taken out, and fill it with Iris flower oil, and the hole is blocked with a piece of Desert Gourd, and it is placed inside the dough and cooked for an hour, eating it, and covering the hair with it is very useful for blackening the hair and prevent hair greying.

In India, its fruit and seeds are used as a laxative, and its root is also used as a treatment for dropsy, jaundice, urinary tract diseases, and rheumatism.

Its seeds are cooling, astringent and useful for bilious disorders. Its roots and leaves are used for snakebite.

How to prepare Bitter Apple powder:

Its should be peeled and seeds should be removed. Dry it in 40 degrees Celsius, grind in a mortar and pass it through a pharmaceutical sieve.

How to prepare Colocynth alcoholic extract:

1 unit of ground Colocynth flesh, 6 units of 60-degree alcohol. Soak Wild Melon flesh in 6 units of alcohol for 10 days. Then filter them with pressure first and next filtered with filter paper. After that they take the alcohol and evaporate it to the consistency of soft extract through distillation in water bath heater. This extract can be used 0.3-0.1 grams.

How to prepare water extract of dried Colocynth:

1 unit of dry and seedless Bitter Apple flesh, 6 units of water, mix these and let the dried Bitter Apple soak for 3 days, then strain it several time with pressure. Then let it evaporated in a water bath heater to the required degree of dryness. It can be used between 0.3-0.1 grams.

How to prepare Wild Melon infusion:

Boil 5 grams of dried Colocynth flesh in 500 grams of water for 5 minutes and strain, then add 50 grams of bitter orange peel syrup and 5 grams of sulfuric ether (diethyl ether). Drink 3 dessert spoons of this decoction every two hours in case of dropsy which will be about 6-12 dessert spoons during the day.

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Desert Gourd Dosage

Dried flesh powder of this fruit can be used 0.2 to 1g, which is mixed with another ineffective herb powder. Its extract can be used 0.1 to 0.3 g, as a pill.

Bitter Apple Side Effects

Colocynth is semi-toxic and you should be careful in using it, its use must be done under the supervision of a doctor or an experienced specialist. Hot-temperament people should avoid eating it, especially in the hot season, because it is harmful to them and causes stomach cramps, and discomfort such as confusion, headache, dizziness and stomach and anal discomfort.

Citrullus colocynthis fruit should not be eaten alone, but should be consumed with Gum Arabic or Gum Tragacanth or Pound Starch.

Colocynth Modifiers

Gum Arabic, Gum Tragacanth, and starch.

Gum Arabic weakens the Desert Gourd effectiveness. But Gum Tragacanth increases its strength. Colocynth should be used in cold weather and as a crushed. Otherwise, it will cause heartburn, wound and tear of intestine.

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Medical disclaimer