Truffle, Black Truffle Mushroom

1- Scientific Names: Tuber melanosporum Vittad.
English Name (UK, USA, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand): Black Truffle
2- Scientific Name: Tuber aestivum Vittad.
Synonym: Tuber uncinatum Chatin
English Name (UK, USA, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand): Truffle
Family: Polypodiaceae

Plant Parts: Fungus
Cultivation Mode: Wild Collection
In Manufacturing: Pharmaceutical, oil
In Food: Sauces, Soups, Salads, Fast food, Stew, Italian food

Persian Name: قارچ دنبلان، قارچ دمبلان/ Gharche Donbalan, Gharche Dombalan
German Name (Deutschland, Austria, Switzerland): Perigord-Trüffel, Sommertrüffel, Trüffel
French Name (France, Belgium, Switzerland, Quebec): 1- Truffe du Périgord, Truffes Noires du Périgord. 2- Truffe Blanche, Truffe d’été

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About Tuber Spp.

Tuber Melanosporum: Its skin is uneven, warty, dark fawn in color and the color of its flesh is dark purple to black after ripening. Its size is about an egg. This Truffle ripens in autumn and is one of the best and most delicious types of Truffles.

Tuber uncinatum: its size is medium, the outer skin is black, very rough, and uneven, and the color of its flesh is brown. This species is also delicious and has a good taste and smell, and it usually ripens in autumn.

Tuber aestivum: the shape of the tubers is variable, their size is the size of a walnut, the color of the skin is black and the warts are large.

Among the trees that are most liked by Truffles are two types of oak:

One with the scientific name: Quercus pubescens Willd. (Downy Oak) which is a variety of Quercus robur var. pubescens (Willd.) Bonnier, Quercus ilex L. (Holly Oak) and also Castanea sativa Mill. (Spanish Chestnut) and Hazelnut with the scientific name Corylus avellana L. And in general, according to the studies done by the French botanist Gaspard Adolphe Chatin, one of the ways to identify the lands where there exists Truffles is the presence of the trees mentioned below, as well as plants and trees such as Hawthorn, Juniperus, Prunus spinosa, Sambucus nigra, verbascum, Yarrow, Sedum telephium, ziziphora, rosmarinus.

In addition, Chatin believes that the soil that is rich in organic materials, lime, potash, sulfuric acid, and peroxide is the most suitable soil for the growth of Truffles.

Trees which Truffles grow on them:

1. Quercus pubescens: It grows in the forests of southern France and other parts of Europe, and a variety of it called Quercus pubescens Brot. grows in the forests of northern Iran. This Oak, which is called “Chêne blanc” and “Chêne pubescent” in French, is distributed in the Talar Valley and in the heights of Gaduk, in Noor, Kajur, and Siah Bisheh, and in the forests of Herzeville. It is a large tree with fur branches, leathery leaves. The surface of the smooth and shiny leaf is dark green and the back of the light green leaf is covered with white fluff.
2. Quercus ilex: it is called Chêne Vert (French) and  Green Oak (English (GB)), it grows in Europe and in Iran it is planted only in gardens as an ornament. Leaves with sharp and fine teeth, which is a small thorn at the end of the teeth. The leaves are shiny dark green and the back of the leaves are white fluffy and usually do not fall until the age of three. It is often a shrub, but in strong soils, its height reaches 10 to 15 meters.

Truffle Temperament

Hot and dry

Truffle Chemical Constituents

Oleic, linoleic, palmitic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, tocopherols

Truffle Health Benefits

Truffle prevents liver damage. There are many nutrients in it and lentinan in this fungus strengthens the body’s immune system and prevents the occurrence of diseases in the body. This fungus has compounds that strengthen the immune system and its consumption is highly recommended.

It prevents cardiovascular disease in people by reducing blood cholesterol.

This mushroom has two oxidants called Glutathione and Ergothioneine, both antioxidants have anti-aging properties.

Improves eye infections. An eye infection causes redness of the eye and swelling of the eyelids and causes purulent secretions in the eye. To solve this problem as well as to treat trachoma, you can use Truffles.

Due to its high amount of antioxidants, it reduces the growth of liver, lung, colon and breast cancer cells and reduces the risk of developing neck, colon, breast and uterine cancer.

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